Macroevolution of floral scent chemistry across radiations of male euglossine bee-pollinated plantsMacroevolución de olores florales a través de radiaciones de plantas polinizadas por abejas euglosinas machosMacroevolução dos voláteis florais em radiações de plantas polinizadas por machos de abelhas Euglossini.

Floral volatiles play key roles as signaling agents that mediate interactions between plants and animals. Despite their importance, few studies have investigated broad patterns of volatile variation across groups of plants that share pollinators, particularly in a phylogenetic context. The "perfume flowers," Neotropical plant species exhibiting exclusive pollination by male euglossine bees in search of chemical rewards, present an intriguing system to investigate these patterns due to the unique function of their chemical phenotypes as both signaling agents and rewards. We leverage recently developed phylogenies and knowledge of biosynthesis, along with decades of chemical ecology research, to characterize axes of variation in the chemistry of perfume flowers, as well as understand their evolution at finer taxonomic scales. We detect pervasive chemical convergence, with many species across families exhibiting similar volatile phenotypes. Scent profiles of most species are dominated by compounds of either the phenylpropanoid or terpenoid biosynthesis pathways, while terpenoid compounds drive more subtle axes of variation. We find recapitulation of these patterns within two independent radiations of perfume flower orchids, in which we further detect evidence for the rapid evolution of divergent floral chemistries, consistent with the putative importance of scent in the process of adaptation and speciation.

A Combination of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamic Acid, Calcium, Thiamine, Pyridoxine, and Cyanocobalamin vs Ginger Extract in the Management of Chronic Motion Sickness: A Clinical Evaluation.

Background: Motion sickness (kinetosis) is a common and temporarily incapacitant ailment, manageable with behavioral as well as pharmacological measures. Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of a combination of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, calcium, thiamine, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin (Group A) (n = 170) and extract of Zingiber officinale (ginger) (Group B) (n = 165) in the management of chronic complaints consistent with motion sickness. Methods: Both groups were tested according to the following end points, under self-paired as well as comparative study designs: reduction of ≥20 score points in the total motion sickness assessment questionnaire (MSAQ) score, percentage of patients presenting a reduction of the total MSAQ score, absolute MSAQ score reduction, physician's assessment scores, final overall assessment of study medication, and willingness to continue treatment. Safety was also evaluated. Results: There was a statistically significant better performance under both study designs for Group A (P = 0.05 using different statistical tests) in all end points. Both regimens were safe, with different neurological and gastrointestinal tolerability outcomes. Conclusions: Group A and Group B regimens were effective and safe in the management of chronic complaints consistent with motion sickness and the Group A regimen was more effective than Group B.

Effectiveness of low power laser in reducing postoperative signs and symptoms after third molar surgery: a triple-blind clinical trial.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of using LPL (Low power laser) to reduce pain, edema, and trismus after impacted lower third molar extraction. A split-mouth randomized triple-blind clinical trial was conducted at the Federal University of Ceará. For inclusion criteria, it was necessary that the patient presented a clear indication for removal of both lower third molars, in addition to both molars being in similar positions. The third molars (38 and 48) were randomly allocated to the test group that received the LPL application protocol, and to the placebo group that received a simulation of the protocol, making a total sample of 44 surgeries. Patients in the test group used an average of 50% of the amount of analgesics that was used by the placebo group, however, there was a statistically significant difference only on days four and five. Regarding trismus, the test group presented wide mouth openings, both at 48 hours and at 7 days after surgery compared to the placebo group, but without a statistically significant difference. For edema, we noted an equilibrium between the test group and the placebo group, but no measurement obtained a statistically significant difference. The use of LPL presented better pain and trismus indicators after complex extractions. The use of LPL is thus indicated as a complementary therapy to reduce postoperative discomfort caused by complex tooth extractions.

Study of Health in Pomerode (SHIP-Brazil): aims, methodological issues and descriptive results / Estudo Vida e Saúde em Pomerode (SHIP-Brazil): objetivos, aspectos metodológicos e resultados descritivos

Background Few studies compared populations with similar genetic and culture background on different continents with standardized methods. Objective To describe methodological issues of the Study of Health in Pomerode - SHIP-Brazil and some characteristics of the participants of the baseline examination. Design and Setting Prospective, population-based cohort study of a representative sample of residents (aged 20 to 79 years) of Pomerode, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods Data for the baseline survey (from 2014 to 2018) were collected through interviews and medical examinations, including socio-demographic and lifestyle information, clinical and subclinical conditions, oral and mental health, among others. Biosamples (blood, urine, stool, and saliva) were collected and stored. Methods of data collection and quality control are described. Preliminary descriptive statistics were performed. Results The response rate was 67.6% (n=2,488 individuals). The Kappa test-retest of some variables varied from 0.54 to 1.0. German culture participants are older (46.5 vs 38.7 years), self-declared white (97.3% vs 82.1%), more frequently never smokers (71.4% vs 66.9%) but had higher risk of consuming alcohol (16.9% vs 13.4%) compared to participants with non-German background. Germans were taller (169 cm vs 166 cm), had greater abdominal circumference among men (101.9 cm vs 97.3 cm). Furthermore, they reported more multimorbidity (56.7% vs 43.6%) , had more arterial hypertension (30.7% vs 18.5%), but less depression (15.4% vs 19,1%) than non-Germans. Conclusions The interaction of genetic and social/environmental issues should be examined to understand the role of risk factors on clinical conditions observed.

Introdução Poucos estudos compararam populações com histórico genético e cultural semelhante em diferentes continentes com métodos padronizados. Objetivos Descrever questões metodológicas do estudo de "Vida e Saúde em Pomerode - SHIP-Brazil" e algumas características dos participantes do exame inicial do estudo. Desenho de estudo e local Estudo de coorte prospectivo de base populacional em amostra representativa de moradores (20 a 79 anos) de Pomerode, Santa Catarina. Métodos As informações para a linha de base (de 2014 a 2018) foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas e exames médicos, incluindo dados sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida, condições clínicas e subclínicas, saúde bucal e mental, entre outros. Amostras biológicas (sangue, urina, fezes e saliva) foram coletadas e armazenadas. A coleta de dados e o controle de qualidade foram descritos. Foram realizadas análises descritivas preliminares. Resultados A taxa de resposta foi de 67,6% (n=2.488 indivíduos). O Kappa teste-reteste de algumas variáveis variou  de 0,54 a 1,0. Os participantes de cultura alemã são mais velhos (46,5 vs 38,7 anos ), autodeclarados brancos (97,3% vs 82,1%), com menor número de fumantes (71,4% vs 66,9%), mas tiveram maior risco de consumir álcool (16,9% vs 13,4%), eram mais altos (169 cm vs 166 cm), tinham maior circunferência abdominal entre os homens (101,9 cm vs 97,3 cm) em comparação com participantes "não-alemães". Pessoas de cultura alemã relataram mais multimorbidade (56,7% vs 43,6%), apresentavam mais hipertensão arterial (30,7% vs 18,5%), mas menos depressão (15,4% vs 19,1%). Conclusões A interação genética e social/ambiental devem ser examinadas para melhor entender o papel desses fatores de risco nas condições clínicas observadas.

Effectiveness of low power laser in reducing postoperative signs and symptoms after third molar surgery: a triple-blind clinical trial

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of using LPL (Low power laser) to reduce pain, edema, and trismus after impacted lower third molar extraction. A split-mouth randomized triple-blind clinical trial was conducted at the Federal University of Ceará. For inclusion criteria, it was necessary that the patient presented a clear indication for removal of both lower third molars, in addition to both molars being in similar positions. The third molars (38 and 48) were randomly allocated to the test group that received the LPL application protocol, and to the placebo group that received a simulation of the protocol, making a total sample of 44 surgeries. Patients in the test group used an average of 50% of the amount of analgesics that was used by the placebo group, however, there was a statistically significant difference only on days four and five. Regarding trismus, the test group presented wide mouth openings, both at 48 hours and at 7 days after surgery compared to the placebo group, but without a statistically significant difference. For edema, we noted an equilibrium between the test group and the placebo group, but no measurement obtained a statistically significant difference. The use of LPL presented better pain and trismus indicators after complex extractions. The use of LPL is thus indicated as a complementary therapy to reduce postoperative discomfort caused by complex tooth extractions.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar a eficácia do uso de LBP (laser de baixa potência) na redução da dor, edema e trismo após exodontia de terceiros molares inferiores impactados. Ensaio clínico randomizado triplo-cego do tipo boca dividida foi realizado na Universidade Federal do Ceará. Para os critérios de inclusão era necessário que o paciente apresentasse indicação clara para a remoção de ambos os terceiros molares inferiores, além da obrigatoriedade de que ambos os molares estivessem em posições semelhantes segundo Winter (1926) e Pell & Gregory (1933). Os terceiros molares (38 e 48) foram alocados aleatoriamente no grupo teste que recebeu o protocolo de aplicação dO LBP e no grupo placebo que recebeu a simulação do protocolo, perfazendo uma amostra total de 44 cirurgias. Os pacientes do grupo teste usaram em média 1/2 da quantidade de analgésicos do que os do grupo placebo, porém, apenas nos dias quatro e cinco houve diferença estatisticamente significativa. Em relação ao trismo, o grupo teste apresentou melhores indicadores tanto em 48 horas quanto em 7 dias após a cirurgia em relação ao grupo placebo, mas sem diferença estatisticamente significante. Em relação ao edema, houve medidas na amostra favoráveis ​​ao grupo teste e medidas favoráveis ao grupo placebo, mas nenhuma das medidas obteve diferença estatisticamente significativa. O uso de LBP mostrou melhores indicadores de dor e trismo após extrações complexas. Portanto, o uso de LBP é indicado como terapia complementar para reduzir morbidades causadas por exodontias complexas.

Angioleiomioma oral mimetizando um granuloma piogênico: relato de caso raro / Oral Angioleiomyoma mimetizing a pyogenic granuloma: A rare case report

Angioleiomioma (AL) é um tumor benigno de origem perivascular que raramente é observado na cavidade oral, principalmente em localizações como a gengiva. Devido sua apresentação clínica inespecífica, os ALs podem mimetizar outras lesões orais, como tumores benignos de glândulas salivares e lesões reacionais, como o granuloma piogênico. O presente artigo objetiva relatar um caso raro de AL localizado em gengiva, em uma paciente de 19 anos. Clinicamente, a lesão apresentava-se como um tumor assintomático, oval, pedunculado, bem definido, com superfície lisa, consistência fibrosa e cor eritematosa, semelhante a um granuloma piogênico, Uma biópsia excisional foi realizada e o fragmento foi encaminhado para análise histopatológica, que revelou uma proliferação vascular de diversos calibres, contendo paredes musculares espessas e proliferação muscular adjacente, além de infiltrado inflamatório, predominantemente crônico, hemácias extravasadas e área de ulceração, consistente com o diagnóstico de AL inflamado. A histopatologia desempenha um papel importante no diagnóstico final de lesões raras e com características clínicas inespecíficas. A excisão cirúrgica da lesão é o tratamento de escolha mais eficaz para os ALs orais. (AU)

Angioleiomyoma (AL) is a benign tumor of smooth muscle of perivascular origin that is rarely seen in the oral cavity, mainly in locations like the gingiva. Due to their nonspecific clinical presentation, ALs can mimic other oral lesions, such as benign salivary gland tumors and reactional lesions, as a pyogenic granuloma. We reported a case of an AL located in the gingiva in a 19-year-old female patient. In clinical terms, the lesion was presented as an asymptomatic, oval, pedunculated, well-defined nodule with a smooth surface, fibrous consistency and erythematous color, similar to a pyogenic granuloma. An excisional biopsy was performed and the fragment was sent for histopathological analysis that revealed a vascular proliferation of different calibers, containing thick muscle walls and adjacent muscle proliferation, in addition to an inflammatory infiltrate, predominantly chronic, extravasated red blood cells and an area of ulceration, consistent with the diagnosis of inflamed AL. The histopathology plays an important role in the final diagnosis of rare lesions and with nonspecific clinical characteristics. The surgical excision of the lesion is the most effective treatment of choice for oral ALs. (AU)

Symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with persistent asthma: a cross-sectional analysis of the INSPIRERS studies.

OBJECTIVES: Anxiety and depression are relevant comorbidities in asthma, but, in Portugal and Spain, data on this topic are scarce. We assessed, in patients with asthma, the frequency of anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the European Quality of Life Five Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D); the level of agreement between these questionnaires, and the factors associated with these symptoms. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of the INSPIRERS studies. A total of 614 adolescents and adults with persistent asthma (32.6±16.9 years, 64.7% female) were recruited from 30 primary care centres and 32 allergy, pulmonology and paediatric clinics. Demographic and clinical characteristics, HADS and EQ-5D were collected. A score ≥8 on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety/Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression or a positive answer to EQ-5D item 5 indicated the presence of these symptoms. Agreement was determined by Cohen's kappa. Two multivariable logistic regressions were built. RESULTS: According to HADS, 36% of the participants had symptoms of anxiety and 12% of depression. According to EQ-5D, 36% of the participants had anxiety/depression. The agreement between questionnaires in identifying anxiety/depression was moderate (k=0.55, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.62). Late asthma diagnosis, comorbidities and female gender were predictors of anxiety/depression, while better asthma control, health-related quality of life and perception of health were associated with lower odds for anxiety/depression. CONCLUSION: At least 1/3 of the patients with persistent asthma experience symptoms of anxiety/depression, showing the relevance of screening these disorders in patients with asthma. EQ-5D and HADS questionnaires showed a moderate agreement in the identification of anxiety/depression symptoms. The identified associated factors need to be further investigated in long-term studies.

Larger dlPFC and vmPFC grey matter volumes are associated with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet: A cross-sectional study in older adults.

Dietary self-control is associated with inter-individual differences in neuroanatomy. Yet, whether such inter-individual differences are also associated with healthier dietary patterns is yet to be determined. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 100 northern Portuguese older community-dwellers were assessed with regards to i) the adherence to a healthy dietary eating pattern - the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), and ii) grey matter density (GMD) of brain regions associated with valuation and dietary self-regulation, the ventromedial (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), through voxel-based morphometry. Healthy food choices were ascertained through the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) where higher scores indicated greater adherence to the MedDiet. Voxel-based morphometry showed that greater grey matter density in the dlPFC and vmPFC associated with a higher adherence to the MedDiet. These results replicate previous links between dietary decision-making measured under laboratory conditions and the neuroanatomy of the brain's valuation and self-control system. Importantly, they shed new light on the potential relevance of inter-individual differences in the neuroanatomy of these two brain regions for adhering to healthier dietary patterns in everyday life.

Preliminary validity for the Big Five Inventory-2 in brazilian adults / Evidências preliminares de validade do Big Five Inventory-2 em adultos brasileiros / Evidencias preliminares de validez del Big Five Inventory-2 en adultos brasileños

The Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) assesses personality through the big five factor model model (FFM). This study aimed to verify whether the internal structure of the BFI-2 is corroborated in a Brazilian sample. Participants were 908 cisgender adults, aged between 17 and 93 years, 532 of whom were women. Confirmatory factor analysis and Exploratory structural equation modeling were performed with the BFI-2. The 15 facets of personality resulted in adequate fit and reliability, mainly for the respondents under 60 years of age. We conclude that the BFI-2 presents evidence of preliminary validity based on its internal structure, although further validity studies are required with the instrument, to testify its psychometric quality. (AU)

O Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) avalia a personalidade no modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores (CGF). O presente estudo objetivou verificar se a estrutura interna do BFI-2 é corroborada em uma amostra brasileira. Participaram 908 adultos cisgênero, com idades entre 17 e 93 anos, sendo 532 mulheres. Análise fatorial confirmatória e modelagem de equações estruturais exploratórias foram conduzidas no BFI-2. As 15 facetas de personalidade do BFI-2 resultaram em índices de ajuste adequados, principalmente para os respondentes com idade até 60 anos. Conclui-se que o BFI-2 apresenta evidência inicial de validade baseada em sua estrutura interna, apesar de que novos estudos de validade devem ser conduzidos com o instrumento, com o objetivo de atestar sua qualidade psicométrica. (AU)

El Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) evalúa la personalidad según el modelo de los Cinco Grandes Factores (CGF). El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar si la estructura interna del BFI-2 se corrobora en una muestra brasileña. Participaron 908 adultos cisgénero, de entre 17 y 93 años, de los cuales 532 eran mujeres. Se realizó un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio y un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales Exploratorio sobre el BFI-2. Las 15 facetas de personalidad del BFI-2 dieron lugar a índices de ajuste adecuados, especialmente para los encuestados de hasta 60 años. Se concluye que el BFI-2 presenta evidencias iniciales de validez basadas en su estructura interna, aunque se deben ejecutar más estudios de validez con el instrumento para atestiguar su calidad psicométrica. (AU)

Judicialization of the right to health with a focus on neglected tropical diseases: dimensions and challenges in Piauí State, Northeastern Brazil, 2000-2020. / Judicialização do direito à saúde com foco em doenças tropicais negligenciadas: dimensões e desafios no Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil, 2000-2020.

This article aims to analyse the magnitude and profile of legal demands for public health goods and services, also verifying the presence of legal demands for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in the State of Piauí between 2000-2020. Cross-sectional descriptive study based on the databases of the Court of Justice of Piauí on lawsuits demanding from the Direct Public Administration, goods and health services. A total of 6,658 lawsuits were initially identified. After eligibility analysis, 1,384 cases (20.8%) were analysed, with an increase in demand from 2017. We highlight the characteristics: origin in the capital Teresina (614; 44.4%), 40 to 59 years of age (372; 26.9%), female (761; 55.0%), farmers (123; 8.9%), public legal assistance (1,063; 76.8%), upheld (594; 42.9%). Five (5; 0.4%) lawsuits for NTDs, one visceral leishmaniasis requesting transportation, with granting, four for leprosy (two medicines, one granted, other extinguished without resolution of the merit, one consultation and one exam granted). The judicialization of the right to health is expressive and growing in the State of Piauí. The low demand related to NTDs may translate into limited access not only to health care, but also to the judiciary.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a magnitude e o perfil das demandas judiciais por bens e serviços de saúde pública, verificando também a presença de demandas judiciais para doenças tropicais negligenciadas (DTNs) no Estado do Piauí entre 2000-2020. Estudo transversal descritivo a partir de bases de dados do Tribunal de Justiça do Piauí acerca de processos judiciais demandando bens e serviços de saúde à administração pública direta. Foram identificados inicialmente um total de 6.658 processos judiciais. Após análise de elegibilidade, 1.384 processos (20,8%) foram analisados, verificando-se aumento da demanda a partir de 2017. Ressalta-se as características: origem na capital Teresina (614; 44,4%), 40 a 59 anos de idade (372; 26,9%), sexo feminino (761; 55,0%), agricultores (123; 8,9%), assistência jurídica pública (1.063; 76,8%), julgados procedentes (594; 42,9%). Cinco (5; 0,4%) demandas judiciais para DTNs, uma leishmaniose visceral solicitando transporte, procedente; quatro para hanseníase (dois medicamentos, um concedido, outro extinto sem resolução do mérito, uma consulta e um exame, ambos concedidos). A judicialização do direito à saúde é expressiva e crescente no estado do Piauí. A baixa demanda relacionada a DTNs pode traduzir limitação de acesso não apenas à saúde, mas ao Poder Judiciário.

Judicialização do direito à saúde com foco em doenças tropicais negligenciadas: dimensões e desafios no Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil, 2000-2020 / Judicialization of the right to health with a focus on neglected tropical diseases: dimensions and challenges in Piauí State, Northeastern Brazil, 2000-2020

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a magnitude e o perfil das demandas judiciais por bens e serviços de saúde pública, verificando também a presença de demandas judiciais para doenças tropicais negligenciadas (DTNs) no Estado do Piauí entre 2000-2020. Estudo transversal descritivo a partir de bases de dados do Tribunal de Justiça do Piauí acerca de processos judiciais demandando bens e serviços de saúde à administração pública direta. Foram identificados inicialmente um total de 6.658 processos judiciais. Após análise de elegibilidade, 1.384 processos (20,8%) foram analisados, verificando-se aumento da demanda a partir de 2017. Ressalta-se as características: origem na capital Teresina (614; 44,4%), 40 a 59 anos de idade (372; 26,9%), sexo feminino (761; 55,0%), agricultores (123; 8,9%), assistência jurídica pública (1.063; 76,8%), julgados procedentes (594; 42,9%). Cinco (5; 0,4%) demandas judiciais para DTNs, uma leishmaniose visceral solicitando transporte, procedente; quatro para hanseníase (dois medicamentos, um concedido, outro extinto sem resolução do mérito, uma consulta e um exame, ambos concedidos). A judicialização do direito à saúde é expressiva e crescente no estado do Piauí. A baixa demanda relacionada a DTNs pode traduzir limitação de acesso não apenas à saúde, mas ao Poder Judiciário.

Abstract This article aims to analyse the magnitude and profile of legal demands for public health goods and services, also verifying the presence of legal demands for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in the State of Piauí between 2000-2020. Cross-sectional descriptive study based on the databases of the Court of Justice of Piauí on lawsuits demanding from the Direct Public Administration, goods and health services. A total of 6,658 lawsuits were initially identified. After eligibility analysis, 1,384 cases (20.8%) were analysed, with an increase in demand from 2017. We highlight the characteristics: origin in the capital Teresina (614; 44.4%), 40 to 59 years of age (372; 26.9%), female (761; 55.0%), farmers (123; 8.9%), public legal assistance (1,063; 76.8%), upheld (594; 42.9%). Five (5; 0.4%) lawsuits for NTDs, one visceral leishmaniasis requesting transportation, with granting, four for leprosy (two medicines, one granted, other extinguished without resolution of the merit, one consultation and one exam granted). The judicialization of the right to health is expressive and growing in the State of Piauí. The low demand related to NTDs may translate into limited access not only to health care, but also to the judiciary.

Public interest in food sustainability: an infodemiology study of Google trends data in Europe from 2010-2021.

Understanding food sustainability and healthy diets public awareness is of utmost importance since consumers are the main drivers of global consumption patterns. Using Google Trends data, from 2010 to 2021, we aim to explore the temporal dynamics of food sustainability public interest across Europe and its association with interest in sustainability, healthy diet, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), and flexitarianism. Public interest in food sustainability has increased and is positively associated with the interest in the topic of sustainability. With few exceptions, no general association between food sustainability and healthy diet or MedDiet interest were found. Consistent associations between food sustainability and flexitarianism were found across most of the European regions and countries. Despite the growing interest, only flexitarianism seems to be associated with food sustainability. Understanding consumers' interest in food sustainability is crucial for the transition towards healthy and sustainable diets and to define educational and behavioural interventions.

Anticipatory cues in emotional processing shift the activation of a combined salience sensorimotor functional network in drug-naïve depressed patients.

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder is characterized by a large-scale brain network dysfunction, contributing to impairments in cognitive and affective functioning. Core regions of default mode, limbic and salience networks are also impaired in emotional processing and anticipation. This study aimed to explore default mode, salience, and limbic networks modulation during the processing of emotional stimuli with and without anticipatory cues in depression, and further investigate how these networks were functionally coupled with the rest of the brain. METHODS: Twenty-one drug-naïve depressed patients and 15 matched controls were included in the study. All participants completed a psychological assessment and the affective pictures paradigm during an fMRI acquisition. Group independent component analysis and psychophysiological interactions analyses were performed. RESULTS: A significant interaction between Cue, Valence and Group was found for the salience/sensorimotor network. When processing uncued emotional stimuli, patients showed increased activation of this network for negative vs. neutral pictures, whereas when anticipatory cues were displayed previously to the picture presentation, they invert this pattern of activation (hyperactivating the salience/sensorimotor network for positive vs. neutral pictures). Patients showed increased functional connectivity between the salience/sensorimotor network and the left amygdala as well as the right inferior parietal lobule compared to controls when processing uncued negative pictures. LIMITATIONS: The sample size was modest, and the salience/sensorimotor network included regions not typically identified as part of salience network. Thus, this study should be replicated to further interpret the results. CONCLUSIONS: Anticipatory cues shift the pattern of activation of the salience/sensorimotor network in drug-naïve depressed patients.

A disciplina psicologia do esporte nos cursos de psicologia e educação física / Sports psychology in psychology and physical education courses / La materia psicología del deporte en los cursos de psicología y educación física

Este discute a representatividade da disciplina Psicologia do Esporte nos cursos de Psicologia e Educação Física em instituições de ensino superior reconhecidas pelo MEC e situadas na região Sul do país. Foi realizado um estudo documental, com base nos currículos das Instituições. Os resultados revelaram que no Sul do Brasil 21,02% dos cursos de Psicologia, 41,96% dos cursos de bacharelado em Educação Física e apenas 14,83% dos cursos de licenciatura em Educação Física apresentam a disciplina Psicologia do Esporte em sua grade curricular. Observou-se que a disciplina é ofertada mais frequentemente em regime obrigatório nos cursos de bacharelado em Educação Física. Nos cursos de Psicologia, quando ofertada, costuma ser optativa. Os resultados evidenciam uma maior oferta da disciplina para os estudantes de Educação Física, em relação aos de Psicologia, o que pode estar relacionado ao próprio contexto de surgimento da disciplina e sua popularização no meio acadêmico. Para que esse panorama possa mudar e se possa oferecer uma formação adequada no curso de Psicologia para fomentar essa opção de carreira, há necessidade de se repensar o currículo e o próprio perfil do egresso, de forma a dar mais oportunidade aos estudantes para que conheçam as bases teóricas e os campos de aplicação da Psicologia do Esporte. Tal lacuna pode acarretar a fragilização da disseminação desse conhecimento aos estudantes de graduação e a consequente ocupação do mercado de trabalho.(AU)

This study discusses the representativeness of Sports Psychology in Psychology and Physical Education courses at higher education institutions from Southern Brazil. A documentary study was conducted based on the institutions' curricula. Results show that 21.02% of the Psychology major, 41.96% of the bachelor's in Physical Education, and only 14.83% of the license in Physical Education offer Sports Psychology in their curricula. Sports Psychology is most often offered as a compulsory subject in the bachelor's program in Physical Education, whereas Psychology courses offer it mainly as an elective. Physical Education students have greater contact with the discipline when compared with Psychology students, which may be explained by its context of development and popularization in the academic environment. To change this scenario and offer adequate education in the Psychology programs to foster this career option, institutions must rethink their curriculum and the graduate profile itself. This would give students better opportunity to get to know its theoretical bases and fields of application. Such a gap can hinder the dissemination of this knowledge to undergraduate students and the consequent labor market occupation.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es discutir la representatividad de la materia Psicología del Deporte en los cursos de Psicología y Educación Física en instituciones de educación superior de la región Sur de Brasil, reconocidas por el Ministerio de Educación (MEC). Se realizó un estudio documental, basado en los planes de estudio de las instituciones. Los resultados revelaron que, en el Sur de Brasil, el 21,02% de los cursos de Psicología, el 41,96% de los cursos de licenciatura en Educación Física y sólo el 14,83% de los cursos de profesorado en Educación tienen la materia Psicología del Deporte en sus planes de estudio. Se observó que la materia Psicología del Deporte se ofrece con mayor frecuencia como asignatura obligatoria en los cursos de licenciatura en Educación Física. Cuando se ofrece en los cursos de Psicología, es una materia optativa. Los resultados muestran una mayor oferta para los estudiantes de Educación Física en comparación con Psicología, lo que puede estar relacionado con el contexto del surgimiento de la Psicología del Deporte como materia y su popularización en el ámbito académico. Para que este escenario cambie y sea posible ofrecer una formación adecuada en el curso de Psicología con el fin de fomentar esta opción de carrera, es necesario repensar el plan de estudios y el perfil del egresado, así los estudiantes tendrán más oportunidades de conocer sus bases teóricas y sus campos de actuación. Tal brecha puede debilitar la difusión de este conocimiento a los estudiantes de grado y la consecuente ocupación en el mercado laboral.(AU)

Transparência, accountability e governance: revisão sistemática da literatura nos hospitais públicos / Transparencia, rendición de cuentas y gobernanza: una revisión de la literatura en el contexto de los hospitales públicos / Transparency, accountability, and governance: a literature review in the context of public hospitals

Resumo Neste estudo busca-se desenvolver uma revisão da literatura baseada na análise bibliométrica sobre o tema da transparência e da accountability no contexto da governance dos hospitais públicos, procurando identificar linhas de investigação, teoria, método de investigação e lacunas existentes por intermédio da análise das publicações científicas datadas até 2020. A investigação seguiu o referencial teórico da transparência e da accountability no setor público com o intuito de compreender o seu enquadramento no contexto da governance dos hospitais. Com recurso ao software Bibliometrix e terminado o processo de consulta dos artigos nas bases de dados Scopus e WoS, foram selecionados 118 artigos para este estudo. Constatou-se que, no período entre 2017-2020, cerca de 85% das publicações são de base qualitativa e há uma tendência crescente no estudo da transparência e da accountability na governança dos hospitais públicos. A transparência surge frequentemente interligada à responsabilização dos agentes (accountability), às políticas de comunicação externa (relatórios públicos) e interna, assim como à sua compreensibilidade. Verificou-se a ainda predominância das publicações de origem norte-americana e chinesa. O estudo identifica também a escassez de investigação baseada em modelos quantitativos que explorem relações de dependência entre as dimensões estudadas, limitando a compreensão da interdependência entre as práticas de transparência e os atributos internos e externos das organizações. O estudo contribui para o conhecimento sobre interações entre transparência, accountability e prestação de contas na governança dos hospitais públicos.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar una revisión bibliográfica basada en el análisis bibliométrico sobre el tema de la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas en el ámbito de la gobernanza de los hospitales públicos, buscando identificar líneas de investigación, teorías, métodos de investigación y lagunas existentes a través del análisis de las publicaciones científicas fechadas hasta 2020. La investigación siguió el referencial teórico de la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas en el sector público para comprender su marco en el ámbito de la gobernanza de los hospitales. Recurriendo al software Bibliometrix, y tras el proceso de consulta de los artículos en las bases de datos Scopus y WoS, se seleccionaron 118 artículos de interés para este estudio. Se constató que, en el periodo comprendido entre 2017 y 2020, aproximadamente el 85% de las publicaciones son de base cualitativa y existe una tendencia creciente en el estudio de la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas en el ámbito de la gobernanza de los hospitales públicos. La transparencia aparece a menudo interconectada con la responsabilidad de los agentes (rendición de cuentas), las políticas de comunicación externa (informes públicos) e interna, así como su comprensibilidad. También se observó el predominio de publicaciones de origen norteamericano y chino. El estudio también identifica la escasez de investigaciones que utilicen modelos cuantitativos que exploren las relaciones de dependencia entre las dimensiones estudiadas, lo que limita la comprensión de la interdependencia entre las prácticas de transparencia y los atributos internos y externos de las organizaciones. El estudio contribuye al conocimiento de las interacciones entre transparencia, rendición de cuentas y reporte en el ámbito de la gobernanza de los hospitales públicos.

Abstract This study develops a literature review based on bibliometric analysis on the theme of transparency and accountability within the scope of governance of public hospitals, seeking to identify research lines, theories, research methods, and existing gaps through the analysis of scientific publications until 2020. The investigation followed the theoretical lens of transparency and accountability in the public sector to understand its framework within the scope of the governance of hospitals. Using the Bibliometrix software, and after the consultation process of the articles published in the Scopus and WoS databases, a sample with 118 articles was selected. It was found that, in the period between 2017-2020, approximately 85% of the publications were qualitative, and there is a growing trend in the study of transparency and accountability within the scope of governance of public hospitals. Transparency often appears interconnected with the accountability of agents (accountability), external communication policies (public reports), internal communication policies, and their comprehensibility. The predominance of publications of North American and Chinese origin was also noted. The study also identifies the scarcity of research using quantitative models that explore dependency relationships between the dimensions studied, limiting the comprehensibility of the interdependence between transparency practices and organizations' internal and external attributes. The study contributes to the knowledge about the interactions between transparency, accountability, and reporting within the scope of governance of public hospitals.

COVID-19 Changes Public Awareness about Food Sustainability and Dietary Patterns: A Google Trends Analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only affected healthcare systems and global economies but also directly impacted food security and purchasing behaviors. The aim of this study is to investigate if COVID-19 has induced changes in public interest regarding Food Sustainability and healthy-sustainable dietary patterns across Europe and in European regions. A Google Trends search was performed using the search terms "Food Sustainability + Sustainable Diet + Sustainable Food" (grouped as "Food Sustainability") and the topics "Sustainability", "Healthy Diet", "Mediterranean Diet", and "Flexitarianism" for the years 2010 to 2022. Data were obtained for 12 countries in Europe. The trends in interest after the COVID-19 outbreak were forecast based on previous data. After the COVID-19 outbreak, an increase in Food Sustainability interest was observed and was higher than forecast based on the previous data. A significant interest increase in Sustainability was observed; nevertheless, this increase was smaller than the forecast increase. Mixed results were obtained for dietary patterns across European regions, yet, considering the mean interest for Europe, it seems that the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak dampened the interest in dietary patterns such as the Healthy Diet and Flexitarianism and promoted an interest in the Mediterranean Diet. Understanding consumers' beliefs and behaviors toward food choices is crucial for the transition towards sustainable diets, and definitions of educational and behavioral interventions are essential to this transition.

Perceived stress modulates the activity between the amygdala and the cortex.

The significant link between stress and psychiatric disorders has prompted research on stress's impact on the brain. Interestingly, previous studies on healthy subjects have demonstrated an association between perceived stress and amygdala volume, although the mechanisms by which perceived stress can affect brain function remain unknown. To better understand what this association entails at a functional level, herein, we explore the association of perceived stress, measured by the PSS10 questionnaire, with disseminated functional connectivity between brain areas. Using resting-state fMRI from 252 healthy subjects spanning a broad age range, we performed both a seed-based amygdala connectivity analysis (static connectivity, with spatial resolution but no temporal definition) and a whole-brain data-driven approach to detect altered patterns of phase interactions between brain areas (dynamic connectivity with spatiotemporal information). Results show that increased perceived stress is directly associated with increased amygdala connectivity with frontal cortical regions, which is driven by a reduced occurrence of an activity pattern where the signals in the amygdala and the hippocampus evolve in opposite directions with respect to the rest of the brain. Overall, these results not only reinforce the pathological effect of in-phase synchronicity between subcortical and cortical brain areas but also demonstrate the protective effect of counterbalanced (i.e., phase-shifted) activity between brain subsystems, which are otherwise missed with correlation-based functional connectivity analysis.

Limits and possibilities for the development of public health research in the legal system.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize databases of the courts of justice of Brazil as a potential tool for research in Collective Health, in its interface with the legal sciences. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of quantitative and descriptive nature, focusing on analysis of strategic management and judicial systems. RESULTS: Databases used by the Common Justice in the Federation Units to systematize judicial processes were identified and analyzed. A total of 123 databases were found in the courts of justice per state, with emphasis on the South and Northeast regions, in contrast to the North region, which has a smaller number of systems. This large number of judicial systems limits access to legal operators, and hinders the collection of evidence by health researchers and, consequently, impacts the strategic management of the Executive Branch. There were limitations from design to transparent and democratic data extraction by the users themselves, as well as restricted integration between bases. CONCLUSIONS: Although advances have been made in recent years by the courts of justice to unify these databases, the multiplicity of information systems used in the Common State Justice complicates the management of knowledge, limits the development of research, even when carried out by lawyers or researchers in the legal area, as well as generates slow data extraction for public management. It is recognized the need for additional efforts for standardization, as well as for improvement of these databases, expanding access, transparency and integration with a view to a transdisciplinary look between the field of Law and Collective Health.

Association of amygdala size with stress perception: Findings of a transversal study across the lifespan.

Daily routines are getting increasingly stressful. Interestingly, associations between stress perception and amygdala volume, a brain region implicated in emotional behaviour, have been observed in both younger and older adults. Life stress, on the other hand, has become pervasive and is no longer restricted to a specific age group or life stage. As a result, it is vital to consider stress as a continuum across the lifespan. In this study, we investigated the relationship between perceived stress and amygdala size in 272 healthy participants with a broad age range. Participants were submitted to a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to extract amygdala volume, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores were used as the independent variable in volumetric regressions. We found that perceived stress is positively associated with the right amygdala volume throughout life.

COVID-19 collaborative screening: An action-research project for large scale contact tracing in Northern Portugal.

In late November 2020, when Europe reached the highest 14-day incidence of COVID-19 cases, the resource-intensive and time-consuming traditional contact tracing performed by Public Health was challenged. In this context, innovative approaches were necessary to guarantee a timely interruption of disease transmission. "COVID-19 Collaborative Screening" Project was developed as a faster solution, not only because the contact tracing process is simpler for the operator, but mainly because it is possible to quickly scale up the number of operators involved. It was designed to interrupt family and social transmission chains, in a partnership with the Local Public Health Services - allowing these services to dedicate to scenarios of more complex risk assessment, using the traditional contact tracing. To perform contact tracing, this method involves Public Servants, Armed Forces and Medical Dentists. The Project also promotes participatory citizenship, by delegating to the citizen the responsibility of registering his/hers contacts with high-risk exposure in an online form, in contrast to the traditional contact tracing method which is more health professional-dependent. Until the end of January 2021, the Project has trained eight teams, enrolling a total of 213 professionals, and was implemented in eight Health Regions (with an estimated population of 1,346,150 inhabitants). The Project was successful at facing the delays in case interview and contact tracing. The strategy implemented by ColabCOVID is assembled as a sustainable, reproducible and scalable platform and is ready to be re-implemented to face the emergence of more contagious variants, as well as an eventual forthcoming health threat.